Internal-combustion engine.



No. 857,730. PATENTEDJUNE 25, 1907.

Y A. B. GOODSPEED.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.1Z,1904.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Fig. 1.

[Viv/reasses- No. 857,730. PATENTED JUNE 25, 1907. A. B. GOODSPEED.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.12,1904.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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C izvnton- PATENTED JUNE 25, 1907.

A. B. GOODSPEED. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.12,1904.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

ll z'irzessess PATENTED JUNE 25, 1907.

A. B. 'GOODSPEED. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

PP IG TION FILED AP .12,19 4 A L A 0 e sums-$11221 4.

No. 857,730. PATENTED JUNE 25, 1907.

A. B. GOODSPEED.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APB..12,1904.

. a SHEETS-SHEET 5.

-. No. 357.730; PATENTED JUNE 25, 1907.

- A. B. eoonsrmzn.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

API LwATIoN FILED APB.12,1904.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

Ifiventorx Witnesses:

4 mm/gw UNITED STATES PATENT O FI E -ARTHUR B. 'GOODSPEED, OF EAST .oRANcE, NEW JERSEY, ASSlGNbR [To INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY,

RATION OF NEW YORK.

OF NEW YORK, N. Y., 7Aoo Po- INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 25, 190'? To all tuhom, it may concern: I Be it known that I, ARTHUR B. GoonsPEED, a citizen of the United States, residing in East Orange, in the State of New Jersey,

have invented certain new and useful Improvem'ents in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is. a specific-ation, reference being had to the accompany- I ing drawings, forming a part hereof.

This invention relates in general to engines? of the type of construction illustrated in Letters Patent of the United States No. 671,526, dated April 9th, 1901, but it is not restricted in its application to engines which operate onlyupon the principle of hot air engines, so

called.

The objects of the invention are generally to secure a better co-relation of the sefi ral operations in each cycle, to' insure greater certainty and pos'itiveness in operation, par ticularly through better control of the admission of the fuel Which forms the basis of combustion, to provide also for reversal of the improved engine, and to attain greater efliclency. J

The invention will be more particularly described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in which, for purposes of illustration and explanation of the nature of the invention, it is illustrated as embodied in a convenient and practical form,

. and in which,

. section being in the direction of the crank shaft; Fig. 2 is a vertical, central section on a plane at right angles to that of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a plan view of the air tanks and air coolin means; Fig.4 is a detail view in horizonta section on the plane indicated by the line 4'l of Fig. 2; Figs. 5 and '6 are detail views in section on the planes indicated by the lines 5-5 and 6-6, respectively, of Fig. 4; Fi s. 7 and 8 are detailviews in plan and side e evation, respectively, of a portion of the de vices for controlling the fuel inlet valve; Fig. 9 is a partial view'in vertical, central section, on the same plane as that of Fig. 1, illustrating particularly the devices for securing a proper lead for the auxiliary compressor pisdetail view of the valve which crank chamber.

detail view in side elevation illustrating the devices last referred to Fig. 11-is a view in side elevation, partly in section, illustrating the devices which may be employed to vary the action of the auxiliary compressorand' the amount of air admitted for compression," 5 i Fig, 12 is a view in elevation of some of the parts 'shownin Fig. 11, seen from the left in Fig. 1 1; Fig. 13 is a detail view of one of the levers shown in Figs. 11 and 12; Fig. 14 is'a the main compression cylinder."

In-the drawings, the engine which is selected for illustration as an embodiment of the invention is represented as a vertical engine having a working cylinder A and a com ression cylinder A in tandem, with a c osed crank chamber A ,sented as an ordinary trunk piston having an enlarged forwardend B to fit the compression cylinder A. The piston may be: con nected as usual by a pitman C with the cranks admits air to The piston B is repre- C of the usual divided crankshaft O which has its bearings in the side walls of the crank chamber A The crank chamber may be provided with a suitable inlet valve a and -may be connected by a pipe or channel a with anair inlet port a formed in the wall of the working cylinder A and arranged to be uncovered by the pistonB as it approaches the limit of its for ward stroke. Exhaust ports a are likewise provided in the wall of the working cylinder and are also arranged to be uncovered by the piston as it approaches the forward limit of its stroke but somewhat earlier than the inlet port a so that the dead gases may becleared out of the working cylinder as the forward stroke of the piston is completed, first, by the relief of pressure through the opening of the exhaust ports, and then by the inflow of air, under compression, from the The several exhaust ports a communicate with a common exhaust pipe 0 and the heat of the exhaust is made use of as hereinafter explained forthe preheating of the fuel oil.

The working cylinder 1s further provided with a secondary exhaust port a at the head end, the. same having an" exhaust valve ,0)

which is'controlled by eccentrics a] on the main shaft C operating through an ordinary link motion a. and arod at having an adjustable projection upon the stem of the valve a. The exhaust from the port a may be discharged through an exhaust pipe (1, and be madeuse of to further aid in heating the fuel oil. The eccentrics a are so laced as to cause the valve a to open short y after the piston has commenced its rearward stroke and to close just before the piston reaches the limit of its rearward stroke. By this means there is a slight compression of the mixture of air and such spent gases as remain in the cyl inder after the. piston commences its rearward stroke, which brings the air and gases to rest in the cylinder and obviates stratification. The subsequent opening of the secondary exhaust valve permits the air and such spent 'ases as remain to be further cleared out of the cylinder. The valve closes just long enough before the piston reaches the limit of its rearward movement to bring about a sufficient degree of compression to overcome the loss of heat through the air which has been supplied to the cylinder from the crank chamber and expelled, and such compression likewise reduces the amount of clearance between the end of the piston and the head of the cylinder which would other- 0 wise'be necessary. In this manner the burn- L ing gases which enter the cylinder lose but little of their efficiency in heating and compressing such air as remains between the piston and the cylinder head. Furthermore,

3 5 this secondary exhaust valve makes it possi ble to reverse the engine at any time for which purpose the valve is operated through the link motion, so that the valve may have the proper lead over the piston and the pressure in the cylinder be relieved'at the proper time to permit movement of the piston rearward.

Air is admitted to the compression cylinder A during the forward stroke of the piston through a suitable inlet valve (1 shown in detail in Fig. 5, and is discharged therefrom through an outlet valve a shown in Fig. 6. From the latter it is conducted by a suitable pipe d, shown in Fig. 3, to a receiving tank D from which it is conducted through a header (1, a series of air cooling coils d and a collecting header d to a second tank or reservoir D from which, having had its temperature suitably reducedfit is delivered to the jacket A surrounding the working cylinder A, shown 7 in Fig. 2, for the purpose of keeping the temperature of the Working cylinder within suitable limits, the air'being also heated and exanded and the efficiency thus increased. iEIaving thus accomplished the cooling of the working cylinder, this air, which already has been com ressed to some extent in the compression cylinder A, may be further compressed before it is delivered to the working 65 cylinder to support combustion therein.- For which co-operates with a slide cam L.

this purpose the air may be delivered through a suitable channel d and check valve (1 and channel 41 to an auxiliary compression cylinder E. The auxiliary compression piston F may be operated by a piston rod f and pitmanf and eccentric strap 1 from an eccentric G on the crank shaft of the engine.

The air, further compressed in the cylin .der E, and the fuel oil, are admitted together to the working cylinder, the admission thereof being controlled by a positively actuated valve as hereinafter described. The oil, supplied from any suitable source, may be delivered through a pipe H, which may have a coil it within the exhaust pipe (0* in order that the oil may be heated before delivery to the valve chamber K which may be formed in a suitable casting formed with or secured to the head of the working cylinder, the channel (i which leads to the auxiliary compression cylinder E, also communicating with the valve chamber K. The valve port is, through which the valvechamber K communicates with the vaporizer and igniter and the working cylinder is normally closed by the valve 1c. The stem of the latter is socured to a block 16 guided in a suitable bracket 7c and provided with a roller k latter is also guided in the bracket 7x and may be operated, as represented in the drawing, by a rack Z engaged by a gear seg ment Z mounted on a suitable bracket Z secured to the cylinder.

The gear segment may be connected as by a link Z with the slide rod a, before referred to, so that the valve 7c shall be opened at the proper instant with regard to the position ofthe piston whether the engine be driven in one direction or in the other. It is obvious that variation of the length of the link Z and variation of the engagement of the rack Z and gear segment Z gives such elasticity in adjustment as to permit the operation of the inlet valve 7c and of the secondary exhaust valve (1 to be regulated asmay be required according to the conditions under which the engme is operated. The valve 1c is held normally to its seat by a suitable spring or springs, shown at k in Figs. 7 and 8, and is opened by the cam slide L, as will be readily understood. It will be observed also that the cam slide has movement in a right line and acts directly upon the valve stem, insuring positiveness and certainty in the admission of the charge to the working cylinder.

The air and oil from the valve chamber K are preferably discharged upon a spherical or globular distributer, vaporizer and igniter M which is located within a recess m formed therefor in the head casting of the cylinder. The construction and arrangement of this distributer vaporizer and igniter is preferably as fully described in the application of the The 9 5 same inventor for Letters Patent of the United States, Serial No. 197,512, filed March 10, 1904.

To accommodate the action of the auxiliary compressor E to the reversal of the engine, it is necessary that provision be made for changing the lead of the piston F when the compressor has a lead. Accordingly, as illustrated in Fi s. 9 and 10, the eccentric G may be mounted loosely on the shaft C and the hub thereof be extended and cut away to form two shoulders'g at substantially opposite points for co-operation with a pin or screw 9 fixed in the shaft C In forward motion, therefore, the eccentric will be driven by one of said shoulders g, while in reverse motion the eccentric will be driven by the other of said shoulders and a relative change of position of the eccentric upon the shaft 8 180 will take place, thus changing the lead of the piston F as required-for the reversal of the engine when the compressor has a lead.

In reversing the engine, as the link a is moved soas to reduce the travel of the operating rod (1 the lift of the secondary exhaust valve will be progressively lessened and consequently an increasing amount of the exhaust gases will be retained in the working cylinder and compressed therein until, finally, the uantity of gases so retained will be so great t at the momentum of the engine (which has .obviously been reduced in speed because of the work expended in compressing the progressively increasing quantities of exhaust gases retained-in the cylinder) Will be insufficient to complete the compression of the gases retained in the cylinder. When this condition has been reached, the piston will stop upon its up stroke and before the completion thereof, and the gases retained in the cylinder will rexpand and give the piston an impulse in a reverse direction from that 'inwhich it was previously moving, whereupon the proper shoulder 9 will engage the eccentric G to operate the auxiliary compressor E in proper time relative to the Working piston to secure the operation of the engine in a reverse direction.

If the engine is used as a stationary engine and it is desired to regulate the engine according to the load, it is obviously necessary to vary the quantity of air which is introduced to form the burning mixture in the cylinder, in order that the engine maynot be made to dounnecessary work in compression. Devices which may be employed for this pur ose are represented in Figs. '11 to l4,'in which the eccentric G. of Fig. 1 is represented as 'replaced by a gear 'G' which drives a gear G .The latter .is provided with a crank in g which is engaged by an adjustable lin or pitman 9 The latter en gages loosely one arm f of a lever f to the other arm of which the piston rodf of the auxiliary compressor piston F-is connected.

\ the piston, compression takes place.

The arm f 2 is curved concentrically with the path of motion of the crank pin g and the arm g is adjustable thereon so that the throw of the arm f and consequently the movement of the piston'F may be varied as desired according to the quantity of air compressed in the first compressor, while the piston F shall move always to the same point in the cylinder. The arm g may be shifted through "a suitable system of levers n, n, m, n from a controlling handle N which may also be connected by a suitable system of lovers n, n, n n with a cap a over the inlet valve a of the compression cylinder A. I The cap a has openings corresponding with openings through the valve head a, so that through the rotation ofthe cap a the admission of I at the forward limit of its stroke, as repre- As it approaches this posented in Fig. 2.

sition the exhaust ports a were opened, permitting the escape of the expanded gases, 5

and immediately thereafter the air inlet port a was opened, permitting the air to rush in' fromthe crankchamber andclear out the remaining dead gases. The compression cylinder A, in this position of the piston filled with air at atmospheric pressure admitted through the valve a. i

As the piston begins its rearward movement the primary exhaust ports a? of the Working cylinder are closed and thereafter a slight compression takes place until the sec ondary exhaust valve 0, is opened. The exmlsion of air and the remaining spent gases lroin the cylinder then goes on until the piston. approaches the limit of its rearward stroke, when the secondary valve is closed and during the slight rearward movement of Meanwhile the air compressed by the rearward :movement of the main compression piston 13. passes into the receiving tank D through the cooling coils (1 into the reservoir D, and

thence into the acket of the main cylinder.

From this it passes into the jacket of the auxiliarycompressor and thence, into the cham'- ber d from which it is admitted behind the. auxiliary piston F andis further compressed by the forward movement thereof. v Just as the main piston commences its forward movement, the valve lcis' opened ,and the air from the compression cylinder E passes into the working cylinder, carrying with it the fuel oil. .The oil is immediately vaporized and ignited and the pressureof the burning mixture acts'upon the main piston.

' larger working piston.

It will be evident that various changes and arrangement of the engine to meet various conditions of use, may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a slow combustion engine, the combination of a working cylinder having an inlet port for the charge, anair inlet port at the forward end of the working cylinder, ex-

haust ports slightly in advance of the air inlet port, a secondary exhaust valve controlled portat the head of the working cylinder, a positively operated valve to control sai'd charge inlet port, means to deliver fuel oil to said valve-controlled port, an igniter within the head of the cylinder, a compression cylinder, a closed crank chamber, a con nection between the crank chamber and the air inlet port leading into the working cylinder, a connection between the compression cylinder and the valve-controlled charge inlet port, valve operating means to open said valve afterthe piston of the working cylinder completes its rearward stroke, and means carried by said valve operating means for opening the secondary exhaust valve, whereby the air under pressure from said compression cylinder is admitted to the working cylinder during the forward movement of the piston therein simultaneously with the fuel oilysubstantially as described.

2. In a slow combustion engine, the combination of a working cylinder having an inlet port for the charge, an air inlet port at the forward end of the working cylinder, and ex haust ports slightly in advance of the air inlet port, a positively operatedvalve to control said charge inlet port, a secondary exhaust valve-controlled port "at the head of the working cylinder, means to deliver fuel oil to said valve-controlled charge inlet port,

an igniter within the head of the cylinder, a

compression cylinder in tandem with the working cylinder, a closed crank chamber, a

piston inthe working cylinder and having a portion fitted to the compression cylinder, a connection between the crank chamber and the air inlet port leading into the working cylinder, a connection between the compres sion cylinder and the charge inlet port, valve operating means to open said valve after the piston of the working cylinder completes its rearward stroke, and means carried by said valve operating means for opening the secondary exhaust valve, whereby the air under pressure from said compression cylinder is admitted to the working cylinder during the forward movement of the piston therein simultaneously with the fuel oil, substantially as described.

3. In a slow combustion engine, the com i bination of a working cylinder having at its head an inlet port for the charge, an air inlet port at the forward end of the working cylinder, exhaust ports slightly in advance of the air inlet port, both said ports being uncov' ered by the piston as it reaches the forward limit of its stroke, a secondary exhaust valve controlled port at the head of the working cylinder, a positively operated valve to control said charge inlet port, a single valve operating device for operating said secondary exhaust valve and said charge inlet valve, means to deliver fuel oil to said valve-controlled'charge inlet port, a compression cylinder and a connection between the compression cylinder and the air inlet port, an igniter within the head of the cylinder, means to deliver air under pressure to said air inlet port, and independent means to deliver air under pressure to said charge inlet port during the forward stroke of the piston in the working cylinder and simultaneously with the fuel oil; substantially as described.

4. In an engine, the combination of a working cylinder having at its head an inlet ort for the charge, an air inlet port at the forward end of the working'cylinder, exhaust ports slightly in advance of the air inlet port,

both said ports being uncovered by the piston as it approaches the limit of its forward movement, a secondary exhaust valve-controlled port at the head of the working cylinder, a positively operated valve to control said charge inlet port, a single valve operating device foroperating said secondary exhaust valve and said charge inlet valve, means to deliver fuel oil to said valve-eontrolled charge'inlet port, an igniter within the head of the cylinder, a compression cylinder, a closed crank chamber, a connection between the crank chamber and the air inlet port, a connection between the compression cylinder and the charge inlet port, and means to open said charge inlet ort valve after'the piston of the working cy inder completes its rearward stroke, whereby the air under pressure from said compression cylinder is admitted to the working cylinder during the forward movement of the, piston therein simultaneously with the fuel oil; substantially as described.

-5. In a slow combustion engine, the combination of a working cylinder having aninlet port for the charge, an independent air .port, in the forward end of the cylinder, ex-

approaches the limit of its forward stroke, and a secondary exhaust port at the head of the working cylinder, a reversing gear to open said secondary exhaust port, a valve to control said inlet charge port, means to open said valve after the piston completes its rearward stroke, means to deliver oil to said valvecontrolled inlet charge port, an igniter within the head of the cylinder, a compression cylinder, a closed. crank chamber, a connection between the crank chamber and the air port,

and a connection between the compression cylinder and said valve-controlled inlet charge port, whereby air is delivered to the working cylinder after the piston completes its rearward stroke; substantially as described.

6. In a slow combustion engine -the combination of a workingicylinder having an in let for the fuel charge, a valve to control said inlet, means to open said valve after the piston completes its rearward stroke, an air port in the forward end of the cylinder, exhaust valve to control sai ports slightly in advance of the air port, an igniter, a fuel oil supply; a compression cylinder and connections between it and the) air port, an air compressor, a connection from said compressor to said valve-controlled inlet charge port, and means to vary the throw of the air com ressor in one direction only according to t e load on the engine; substantially as described.

. 7. In a slow combustion engine, the combination of a working cylinder having an inlet for the fuelchar e, a positively operated inlet, an igniter, a fuel oil supply, a main air compressor, an auxiliary air compressor receiving air from the main compressor and delivering it to said valve-controlled inlet, means to vary the admission of air to the main com ressor, and means tovary, the throw of t e auxiliary compressor according to the load of the engine; substantially as described.

8. In a slow combustion engine, a cylinder comprising a working chamber; an all compressing chamber of]. larger diameter than. said working chamber and abutting there-- ton; a storage reservoir for storing air compressed by the aforesaid aircompressor; a

second air compressor deriving its supply from said reservolr, sald second compressor discharging into said charge inlet port; and

means for supplying fuel oil to said charge inlet ort.

9. n a slow combustion engine, a cylinder comprising a workin chamber; an air compressing chamber o larger diameter than said Working chamberand abutting theremoving in said working chamber and an enlargedcompressing portion moving in said compressing chamber; a closed crank case wherein air to scavenge said working chamber is compressedby said piston during the with; a piston comprising a Working portion rearward stroke thereof; supply and exhaust ports for admitting said scavenging air to the Working chamber and for permitting the exhaust of burned gases therefrom, both ,said ports being overrun by said piston; a charge inlet port leading into said working chamber; a positively operated valve controlling said port; operating mechanism adapted to open said valve during the working stroke of said piston; a storaga reservoir for storing air compressed by t e aforesaidair compressor; a second air compressor deriving 1ts supply from said reservoir, said second compressor discharging into said charge inlet port; and

means for supplying fuel oil to said charge inlet ort, r

This specification signed and ,witnessed this seventh day of April, A..D. 1904.

ARTHUR B; GOODSPEED.

In the presence of ANTHONY N JEsBERA, B. GREELEY. 

